What does syntax refer to in language?

Syntax refers to how words are arranged to create meaningful sentences. It encompasses the rules and structures that govern the formation of phrases, clauses, and sentences in a language. By focusing on the order and combination of words, syntax plays a crucial role in conveying clear and coherent thoughts. Mastering syntax allows speakers and writers to effectively communicate ideas, as the same words arranged differently can alter meaning significantly.

The other options relate to different aspects of language. The first option pertains to phonetics and phonology, the sounds of words, while the second focuses on semantics, concerning the meaning behind words. The last option is about etymology, which deals with the origins of words and their historical development. Each of these elements is important in understanding language, but syntax specifically pertains to sentence structure and word arrangement.